Public health nutrition (PHN) practice is increasingly shaped by complex food, health and environmental systems. The existing PHN competency framework published by the World Public Health Nutrition Association (WPHNA) has guided workforce development for more than a decade1. However, rapid global transitions including globalisation, urbanisation, climate change, shifting lifestyles, pandemics, civil unrest and technological change, are reshaping public health nutrition practice and workforce expectations, raising questions about the contemporary relevance of the current PHN competency framework. This review aimed to identify current PHN job roles, competencies, workforce preparation pathways and accreditation mechanisms to inform revision of the WPHNA competency framework. A systematic scoping review was conducted following Arskey and O’Mally’s framework and PRISMA guidelines2. Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2011-2024) identified 1586 records. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data extracted data on PHN role descriptions and job titles, competencies, training pathways and accreditation processes. Forty-six articles met inclusion criteria. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis, and discrepancies were resolved through consensus discussion. Public health nutrition roles encompassed population nutrition assessment, surveillance, program planning and evaluation, policy development, advocacy, community engagement, leadership and workforce capacity building. The review identified a set of consistently described core competencies for PHN practice, including nutritional science, communication, professionalism, analytical capacity, management and leadership. However, contemporary practice expectations extended beyond traditional frameworks to include food systems transformation, sustainability, equity, governance, commercial determinants of health, digital technologies, and systems thinking. Differences were evident across settings, with high-income countries emphasising professionalisation and accreditation, while low- and middle-income countries focussed on workforce capacity building and system strengthening. Despite its global aspirations, the published competency literature remains dominated by evidence from high-income countries, with limited representation from low-resource settings. This review suggests that the competency expectations of PHN practitioners have expanded over the past decade. While foundational competencies remain relevant, contemporary practice requires greater capability in systems leadership, sustainability, governance, policy engagement and food systems action. Findings highlight important limitations of the existing competency framework, which was developed without a global consensus process and is predominantly informed by Global North perspectives. A future PHN competency framework should move towards a dynamic, globally representative and context-specific model that recognises diverse workforce realities and support education, credentialing and professional development across settings.