Mental health is a pressing and complex public health challenge, particularly among young people. Evidence demonstrates a link between diet quality and mental health (1). However, young adults’ lived experiences and behavioural challenges have largely been neglected, which limits the development of practical solutions. The objective of this research therefore was to explore the determinants of eating and dietary behaviours that support wellbeing in young adults (18-30 years) experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or stress in New Zealand (NZ). A 48-item mixed-methods survey informed by the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour (COM-B) model was developed (2). Young adults in NZ experiencing at least mild symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or stress (according to screening with DASS-21) were recruited through community sampling took part in an anonymous online survey. COM domain scores were constructed by averaging scores from individual items within the domain (Cronbach’s alpha: α = 0.85 (capability) α = 0.60 (opportunity and motivation)). Likert scale items and constructed COM domain scores (range 0-10) were descriptively analysed, and differences according to symptom severity assessed using ANOVA. Open-text items were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Participants (n = 154, 23 ± 4 years) were predominantly female (84%) and NZ European (72%). Participants demonstrated a high level of capability (domain score = 7.1 ± 1.5). Opportunity domain scores were lower (6.5 ± 1.1), impacted by environmental and social factors. Mental health symptoms impacted participant motivation (domain score = 6.9 ± 1.0). Qualitative themes reflect participants’ holistic, individualised approach to eating for wellbeing, yet societal barriers and a negative cycle of psychological distress prohibit this in practice. Young adults in this study demonstrate high capability regarding eating and dietary behaviours that support well-being, yet substantial barriers appear to limit the translation of knowledge into behaviour. Dietary interventions targeting motivational barriers, and food and social environments are required to equitably support young adults’ mental health.
1. Eliby D, Simpson CA, Lawrence AS et al. (2023) J Affect Disord Reports 14, 100629.
2. Michie S, van Stralen M, West R (2011) Implementation Sci 6, 1-12.