Interest in the intake of safe live microbes present in foods has increased recently1-3. Nevertheless, evidence linking estimated live dietary microbe intake to gut microbiota composition in Australian adults remains scarce. The primary aim of this study was to estimate live dietary microbe intakes and explore associations with gut microbiota composition in faecal samples from Australian adults. The secondary aim was to evaluate whether distinct participant clusters, grouped by broad dietary patterns and selected phenotypic characteristics, were associated with differences in metabolic and/or microbiota composition profiles. Estimated intake of foods containing live microbes was determined using previously published classification methods4-5, with foods categorised as of low (<10⁴ CFU/g), medium (10⁴–10⁷ CFU/g), or high (>10⁷ CFU/g) live microbes content. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between live microbes intake and microbiota taxa. K-means cluster analysis was used to generate participant clusters. Among 34 healthy adults, biologically plausible associations were identified between estimated Med/Hi live microbes food group intake and specific microbial taxa, with 9/23 associations remaining significant after false discovery rate correction (p < 0.05). Cluster analysis showed no differences in overall gut microbial community structure between participant clusters. Nominal species level differences did not remain significant after multiple comparison correction. This study provides preliminary evidence that estimated intake of foods containing live dietary microbes is associated with the relative abundance of specific gut microbial taxa in Australian adults. However, separating the effects of live microbes from those of other nutrients within the same foods and dietary matrix remains challenging, limiting attribution of observed effects to microbes alone. These findings highlight the methodological challenges of assessing live microbial intake from foods. The development of a dietary assessment tool specifically designed to quantify live microbial intake, together with larger prospective studies, is needed to better understand its relationship with the gut microbiome and health outcomes.